Server Operations¶

The server module takes care of os-level state. Targets POSIX compatibility, tested on Linux/BSD.

Facts used in these operations: server.Crontab, files.Directory, files.FindInFile, server.Groups, server.Hostname, server.KernelModules, files.Link, server.Locales, server.Mounts, server.Os, server.Sysctl, server.Users, server.Which.

`server.crontab`¶

Add/remove/update crontab entries.

server.crontab(
    command, present=True, user=None, cron_name=None, minute="*", hour="*", month="*",
    day_of_week="*", day_of_month="*", special_time=None, interpolate_variables=False,
)

command: the command for the cron
present: whether this cron command should exist
user: the user whose crontab to manage
cron_name: name the cronjob so future changes to the command will overwrite
minute: which minutes to execute the cron
hour: which hours to execute the cron
month: which months to execute the cron
day_of_week: which day of the week to execute the cron
day_of_month: which day of the month to execute the cron
special_time: cron “nickname” time (@reboot, @daily, etc), overrides others
interpolate_variables: whether to interpolate variables in command

Cron commands:: Unless name is specified the command is used to identify crontab entries. This means commands must be unique within a given users crontab. If you require multiple identical commands, provide a different name argument for each.
Special times:: When provided, special_time will be used instead of any values passed in for minute/hour/month/day_of_week/day_of_month.

Example:

# simple example for a crontab
server.crontab(
    name="Backup /etc weekly",
    command="/bin/tar cf /tmp/etc_bup.tar /etc",
    name="backup_etc",
    day_of_week=0,
    hour=1,
    minute=0,
)

`server.group`¶

Add/remove system groups.

server.group(group, present=True, system=False, gid=None)

group: name of the group to ensure
present: whether the group should be present or not
system: whether to create a system group
gid: use a specific groupid number

System users:: System users don’t exist on BSD, so the argument is ignored for BSD targets.

Examples:

server.group(
    name="Create docker group",
    group="docker",
)

# multiple groups
for group in ["wheel", "lusers"]:
    server.group(
        name=f"Create the group {group}",
        group=group,
    )

`server.hostname`¶

Set the system hostname using hostnamectl or hostname on older systems.

server.hostname(hostname, hostname_file=None)

hostname: the hostname that should be set
hostname_file: the file that permanently sets the hostname

Hostname file:

The hostname file only matters no systems that do not have hostnamectl, which is part of systemd.

By default pyinfra will auto detect this by targeting /etc/hostname on Linux and /etc/myname on OpenBSD.

To completely disable writing the hostname file, set hostname_file=False.

Example:

server.hostname(
    name="Set the hostname",
    hostname="server1.example.com",
)

`server.locale`¶

Enable/Disable locale.

server.locale(locale, present=True)

locale: name of the locale to enable/disable
present: whether this locale should be present or not

Examples:

server.locale(
    name="Ensure en_GB.UTF-8 locale is not present",
    locale="en_GB.UTF-8",
    present=False,
)

server.locale(
    name="Ensure en_GB.UTF-8 locale is present",
    locale="en_GB.UTF-8",
)

`server.modprobe`¶

Load/unload kernel modules.

server.modprobe(module, present=True, force=False)

module: name of the module to manage
present: whether the module should be loaded or not
force: whether to force any add/remove modules

Example:

server.modprobe(
    name="Silly example for modprobe",
    module="floppy",
)

`server.mount`¶

Manage mounted filesystems.

server.mount(path, mounted=True, options=None, device=None, fs_type=None)

path: the path of the mounted filesystem
mounted: whether the filesystem should be mounted
options: the mount options

Options:: If the currently mounted filesystem does not have all of the provided options it will be remounted with the options provided.
/etc/fstab:: This operation does not attempt to modify the on disk fstab file - for that you should use the files.line operation.

`server.packages`¶

Add or remove system packages. This command checks for the presence of all the system package managers pyinfra can handle and executes the relevant operation.

server.packages(packages, present=True)

packages: list of packages to ensure
present: whether the packages should be installed

Example:

server.packages(
    name="Install Vim and vimpager",
    packages=["vimpager", "vim"],
)

`server.reboot`¶

Stateless operation

This operation will always execute commands and is not idempotent.

Reboot the server and wait for reconnection.

server.reboot(delay=10, interval=1, reboot_timeout=300)

delay: number of seconds to wait before attempting reconnect
interval: interval (s) between reconnect attempts
reboot_timeout: total time before giving up reconnecting

Example:

server.reboot(
    name="Reboot the server and wait to reconnect",
    delay=60,
    reboot_timeout=600,
)

`server.script`¶

Stateless operation

This operation will always execute commands and is not idempotent.

Upload and execute a local script on the remote host.

server.script(src, args=())

src: local script filename to upload & execute
args: iterable to pass as arguments to the script

Example:

# Note: This assumes there is a file in files/hello.bash locally.
server.script(
    name="Hello",
    src="files/hello.bash",
)

# Example passing arguments to the script
server.script(
    name="Hello",
    src="files/hello.bash",
    args=("do-something", "with-this"),
)

`server.script_template`¶

Stateless operation

This operation will always execute commands and is not idempotent.

Generate, upload and execute a local script template on the remote host.

server.script_template(src, args=())

src: local script template filename

Example:

# Example showing how to pass python variable to a script template file.
# The .j2 file can use `{{ some_var }}` to be interpolated.
# To see output need to run pyinfra with '-v'
# Note: This assumes there is a file in templates/hello2.bash.j2 locally.
some_var = 'blah blah blah '
server.script_template(
    name="Hello from script",
    src="templates/hello2.bash.j2",
    some_var=some_var,
)

`server.security_limit`¶

Edit /etc/security/limits.conf configuration.

server.security_limit(domain, limit_type, item, value)

domain: the domain (user, group, or wildcard) for the limit
limit_type: the type of limit (hard or soft)
item: the item to limit (e.g., nofile, nproc)
value: the value for the limit

Example:

security_limit(
    name="Set nofile limit for all users",
    domain='*',
    limit_type='soft',
    item='nofile',
    value='1024',
)

`server.service`¶

Manage the state of services. This command checks for the presence of all the Linux init systems pyinfra can handle and executes the relevant operation.

server.service(service, running=True, restarted=False, reloaded=False, command=None, enabled=None)

service: name of the service to manage
running: whether the service should be running
restarted: whether the service should be restarted
reloaded: whether the service should be reloaded
command: custom command execute
enabled: whether this service should be enabled/disabled on boot

Example:

server.service(
    name="Enable open-vm-tools service",
    service="open-vm-tools",
    enabled=True,
)

`server.shell`¶

Stateless operation

This operation will always execute commands and is not idempotent.

Run raw shell code on server during a deploy. If the command would modify data that would be in a fact, the fact would not be updated since facts are only run at the start of a deploy.

server.shell(commands)

commands: command or list of commands to execute on the remote server

Example:

server.shell(
    name="Run lxd auto init",
    commands=["lxd init --auto"],
)

`server.sysctl`¶

Edit sysctl configuration.

server.sysctl(key, value, persist=False, persist_file="/etc/sysctl.conf")

key: name of the sysctl setting to ensure
value: the value or list of values the sysctl should be
persist: whether to write this sysctl to the config
persist_file: file to write the sysctl to persist on reboot

Example:

server.sysctl(
    name="Change the fs.file-max value",
    key="fs.file-max",
    value=100000,
    persist=True,
)

`server.user`¶

Add/remove/update system users & their ssh authorized_keys.

server.user(
    user, present=True, home=None, shell=None, group=None, groups=None, public_keys=None,
    delete_keys=False, ensure_home=True, create_home=False, system=False, uid=None,
    comment=None, add_deploy_dir=True, unique=True, password=None,
)

user: name of the user to ensure
present: whether this user should exist
home: the users home directory
shell: the users shell
group: the users primary group
groups: the users secondary groups
public_keys: list of public keys to attach to this user, home must be specified
delete_keys: whether to remove any keys not specified in public_keys
ensure_home: whether to ensure the home directory exists
create_home: whether to new user create home directories from the system skeleton
system: whether to create a system account
uid: use a specific userid number
comment: the user GECOS comment
add_deploy_dir: any public_key filenames are relative to the deploy directory
unique: prevent creating users with duplicate UID
password: set the encrypted password for the user

Home directory:: When ensure_home or public_keys are provided, home defaults to /home/{name}. When create_home is True any newly created users will be created with the -m flag to build a new home directory from the systems skeleton directory.
Public keys:: These can be provided as strings containing the public key or as a path to a public key file which pyinfra will read.

Examples:

server.user(
    name="Ensure user is removed",
    user="kevin",
    present=False,
)

server.user(
    name="Ensure myweb user exists",
    user="myweb",
    shell="/bin/bash",
)

# multiple users
for user in ["kevin", "bob"]:
    server.user(
        name=f"Ensure user {user} is removed",
        user=user,
        present=False,
    )

`server.user_authorized_keys`¶

Manage authorized_keys of system users.

server.user_authorized_keys(
    user, public_keys, group=None, delete_keys=False, authorized_key_directory=None,
    authorized_key_filename=None,
)

user: name of the user to ensure
public_keys: list of public keys to attach to this user, home must be specified
group: the users primary group
delete_keys: whether to remove any keys not specified in public_keys

Public keys:: These can be provided as strings containing the public key or as a path to a public key file which pyinfra will read.

Examples:

server.user_authorized_keys(
    name="Ensure user has a public key",
    user="kevin",
    public_keys=["ed25519..."],
)

`server.wait`¶

Stateless operation

This operation will always execute commands and is not idempotent.

Waits for a port to come active on the target machine. Requires netstat, checks every second.

server.wait(port)

port: port number to wait for

Example:

server.wait(
    name="Wait for webserver to start",
    port=80,
)

Server Operations¶

server.crontab¶

server.group¶

server.hostname¶

server.locale¶

server.modprobe¶

server.mount¶

server.packages¶

server.reboot¶

server.script¶

server.script_template¶

server.security_limit¶

server.service¶

server.shell¶

server.sysctl¶

server.user¶

server.user_authorized_keys¶

server.wait¶

`server.crontab`¶

`server.group`¶

`server.hostname`¶

`server.locale`¶

`server.modprobe`¶

`server.mount`¶

`server.packages`¶

`server.reboot`¶

`server.script`¶

`server.script_template`¶

`server.security_limit`¶

`server.service`¶

`server.shell`¶

`server.sysctl`¶

`server.user`¶

`server.user_authorized_keys`¶

`server.wait`¶